NOMADIC EMPIRES - MCQ'S & SOURCE BASED (CBSE BOARD HISTORY CLASS 11)
1. What was the primary mode of subsistence for the nomadic empires?
a) Agriculture
b) Trading
c) Hunting and Gathering
d) Fishing
2. Which nomadic empire was known for its skilled horsemanship and archery?
a) Roman Empire
b) Mongol Empire
c) Ottoman Empire
d) Mughal Empire
3. The Mongol Empire was founded by:
a) Genghis Khan
c) Julius Caesar
d) Attila the Hun
4. Which nomadic empire is associated with the steppe region of Central Asia?
a) Huns
b) Aztecs
c) Persians
d) Egyptians
5. The famous Mongol military leader, who was the founder of the Yuan Dynasty in China and the grandson of Genghis Khan, was:
a) Tamerlane
b) Timur
c) Qubilai Khan
d) Hulegu
6. Which of the following regions was NOT a part of the Mongol Empire during its peak?
a) Persia
b) China
c) India
d) Egypt
7. The Mongols were successful in their conquests due to their:
a) Weak leadership
b) Small army size
c) Advanced naval fleet
d) Superior military tactics and organization
8. Which city was famously attacked and plundered by the Mongols in 1258?
a) Rome
b) Baghdad
c) Constantinople
d) Beijing
9. The Mongol leader Hulegu was a grandson of:
a) Genghis Khan
b) Attila the Hun
c) Charlemagne
d) Alexander the Great
10. The nomadic empires were known for their tolerance towards:
a) Religious diversity
b) Technological advancements
c) Centralized governance
d) Female rulers
11. The Chagatai Khanate was situated in:
a) North America
b) South America
c) Central Asia
d) Europe
12. The Yuan Dynasty, established by Kublai Khan, ruled over:
a) China
b) Persia
c) India
d) Egypt
13. Which nomadic empire is associated with the fall of the Western Roman Empire?
a) Huns
b) Mongols
c) Ottomans
d) Vandals
14. The Black Death, also known as the Bubonic Plague, was spread by the Mongols through:
a) Contaminated water
b) Mosquito bites
c) Fleas on rats
d) Person-to-person contact
15. The Mamluks successfully resisted the Mongol invasions in:
a) India
b) Egypt
c) Persia
d) China
ANSWER KEY
Here are the answers to the multiple-choice questions:
1. c) Hunting and Gathering
2. b) Mongol Empire
3. a) Genghis Khan
4. a) Huns
5. c) Qubilai Khan
6. c) India
7. d) Superior military tactics and organization
8. b) Baghdad
9. a) Genghis Khan
10. a) Religious diversity
11. c) Central Asia
12. a) China
13. a) Huns
14. c) Fleas on rats
15. b) Egypt
Q. 1. Read the passage 1 (page 107, NCERT Textbook) carefully and answer the questions that follow:
The Capture of Bukhara
Juwaini, a late-thirteenth-century Persian chronicler of the Mongol rulers of Iran, carried an account of the capture of Bukhara in 1220. After the conquest of the city, Juwaini reported, Genghis Khan went to the festival ground where the rich residents of the city were and addressed them: 'O people know that you have committed great sins, and that the great ones among you have committed these sins. If you ask me what proof I have for these words, I say it is because I am the punishment of God. If you had not committed great sins; God would not have sent a punishment like me upon you'... Now one man had escaped from Bukhara after its capture and had come to Khurasan. He was questioned about the fate of the city and replied: 'They came, they [mined the walls], they burnt, they slew, they plundered and they departed.'.
Questions
1. Who wrote an account of the conquest of Bukhara? 1
2. What did Genghis Khan say to the conquered people? 1
3. "They came, they (mined the walls) they burnt, they slew, they plundered and they departed. " Who said this and what was referred to ? What impact would these words have had on you? 2
4. Give two important contributions of Genghis Khan. 2
Answers
1. Juwaini, a late 13th century Persian chronicler of the Mongol rulers of Iran, wrote an account of the conquest of Bukhara in 1220.
2. On the festival grounds of the city of Bukhara Genghis Khan said to the rich residents that:
(a) He was a punishment from God.
(b) The great ones of the city had committed great sins, and he was there to redeem them of those sins.
3. (a) These words were spoken by an escapist from Bukhara.
(b) He was referring to Mongol conquest of Bukhara under the leadership of Genghis Khan.
(c) Impact:
(i) That the Mongols were cruel.
(ii) That the Mongols would meet out harsh punishment, would be oppressive and rob all that was precious and dear.
4. Contributions of Genghis Khan.
(a) Controlled disciplined and united his nomadic hordes.
(b) Made the Mongols into a fighting machine with a destructive power that facilitated their success in forming one of the largest empire.
Q. 2. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:
Ghazan Khan's Speech
Ghazan Khan (1295-1304) was the first Il-Khanid ruler to convert to Islam. He gave the following speech to the Mongol-Turkish nomad commanders, a speech that was probably drafted by his Persian wazir Rashiduddin and included in the minister's letters:
'I am not on the side of the Persian peasantry. If there is a purpose in pillaging them all, there is no one with more power to do this than I. Let us rob them together. But if you wish to be certain of collecting grain and food for your tables in the future, I must be harsh with you. You must be taught reason. If you insult the peasantry, take their oxen and seed and trample their crops into the ground, what will you do in the future? ... The obedient peasantry must be distinguished from the peasantry who are rebels...'
rebels...
Questions
1. Who was Ghazan Khan ? Who drafted the speech ? 2
2. Why was there a conflict of interests between the pastoralists and peasants? 2
3. What did he inform the nomad commanders? 2
4. Would Genghis Khan have expressed sentiments of this nature in a speech to his nomad commanders? 2
Answers
1. Ghazan Khan was the grandson of Genghis Khan and the first 11-Khanid ruler to convert to Islam:
The speech was probably drafted by his Persian wazir Rashiduddin.
2. There was a conflict of interest between the pastoralists and the peasants because the pastoralists wanted to insult the peasantry, take away their oxen, and seed, trample the crops, and convert the fields into pasture lands.
3. Ghasan Khan informed the nomad commanders not to
(a) pillage the peasantry as it did not lead to a stable and prosperous realm.
(b) To distinguish between obedient and rebellions peasantry i.e.. to be rational.
4 Genghis would probably not have expressed sentiments of this nature in a speech to his nomad commanders.
(a) he regarded himself as a "punishment of God".
(b) Such sentiments were contrary to traditional nomadic way of life and reflect pressure on Mongols to sedentarise.
Q 3. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:
Yasa
In 1221, after the conquest of Bukhara, Genghis Khan had assembled the rich Muslim residents at the festival ground and had admonished them. He called them sinners and warned them to compensate for their sins by parting with their hidden wealth. The episode was dramatic enough to be painted and for a long time afterwards people still remembered the incident. In the late sixteenth century, 'Abdullah Khan, a distant descendant of Jochi, Genghis Khan's eldest son, went to the same festival ground in Bukhara. Unlike Genghis Khan, however, 'Abdullah Khan went to perform his holiday prayers there. His chronicler, Hafiz-i Tanish, reported this performance of Muslim piety by his master and included the surprising comment: 'this was according to the yasa of Genghis Khan'.
Questions 1. How was Genghis Khan's nephew different from Genghis Khan? 2
2. Did the meaning of "yasa" alter over the four centuries separating Genghis Khan from Abdullah Khan?2
3. Give the importance of "yasa". 2
4. Why did Hafiz-i Tanish make a reference to Genghis Khan's "yasa" in connection with Abdullah Khan's prayer at the Muslim festival ground? 2
Answers
1. Genghis Khan's nephew Abdullah Khan was different from Genghis Khan.
(a) He went to the festival ground to merely pay homage and perform his holiday prayers.
(b) Genghis Khan on the other admonished the residents of Bukhara on the festival ground. He referred to himself as "punishment of God" and called the rich residents "sinners".
2. Yes the meaning of yasa altered over the four centuries separating Genghis Khan from Abdullah.
a) The yasa, the code of law was supposed to have been promulgated by Genghis Khan at the quriltai of 1206. In its earliest formulation it mean't law, decree or order. As per the few details available it concerned administrative regulations: the organisation of the hunt, the army, and the postal system.
(b) Over the four centuries separating Genghis Khan and Abdullah from a law or order it became Genghis Khan's code of law, similar to law giver like Moses and Solomon, whose authoritative code could be imposed on their subjects.
3. The yasa served to (a) to cohere the Mongol people around a body of shared beliefs.
(b) It acknowledged Mongol's affinity to Genghis Khan and his descendants, even as they absorbed different aspects of a sedentary lifestyle.
(c) Gave the Mongols the confidence to retain their ethnic identity and impose their law upon defeated subjects.
(d) It was an extremely empowering ideology vital in the construction of a Mongol universal dominion.
4. Hafiz-i Tanish's reference to Genghis Khan's "yasa" in connection with Abdullah Khans prayer at the Muslim festival ground was to gain legitimacy and affinity to Genghis Khan.
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