Recreating History

              WRITING AND CITY LIFE Q. 1. The kingdom of Mari was not militarily strong yet it was exceptionally prosperous. Given any four reasons.  Ans. After 2000 BCE the royal capital of Mari flourished. Among the factors which contributed to its prosperity were  1. The geographical location of Mari Mari stood on the southern plain which was highly productive agriculturally 2 Moreover animal rearing was yet another profitable occupation of the people as some of the communities were both farmers and pastoralists. 3. Located on the Euphrate's, Mari, occupied an advantageous position. It profited from trade both upstream and downstream.  4. It profited immensely by levying charge of 1/10 of the value of goods before allowing the boat to continue downstream. Q. 2. Write a short note on the development of writing in Mesopotamian civilisation.  Ans. By 3500 BCE the economy of Sumeria had become sufficiently complex to necessitate a pr...

Question 1. Why does a democratic country need a Constitution? Solution: A democratic country needs a constitution because In a democracy people choose their representatives and the leaders might misuse their powers. Constitution provides safeguards against this. In a democracy, the constitution ensures dominant group does not use power against less powerful groups. The constitution guarantees fundamental rights to the citizens for their social, economic, and political welfare. Question 2. What is the difference in who exercises Executive Power in the 1990 and Interim Constitutions of Nepal? Keeping this in mind, why do you think Nepal needs a new Constitution today? Solution: In the 1990 Nepal constitution, the Executive powers of the Kingdom were entirely in the hands of the King. According to the Interim constitution drafted in 2007, the executive powers of Nepal are in the hands of the council of ministers headed by the Prime Minister.There was a dire need for a new constitution as...

Question 1: Answer the following questions. (i) Why are resources distributed unequally over the Earth? Answer: (i) The distribution of resources depends upon a number of physical factors like terrain, climate and altitude. Since these factors differ so much over the Earth, the distribution of resources is unequal. (ii) What is resource conservation? Answer:  Using resources carefully and giving them time to get renewed is called resource conservation. (iii) Why are human resources important? Answer: People can make the best use of nature to create more resources when they have the knowledge, skill and technology to do so. This is why human beings are a special resource.  It is the abilities of human beings which help in transferring a physical material into a valuable resource. Hence, human resources are important. (iv) What is sustainable development? Answer:  Balancing the need to use resources and also conserving them for the future is called sustainable development. ...

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 History Chapter 1 – How, When and Where   1. State whether true or false: (a) James Mill divided Indian history into three periods – Hindu, Muslim, Christian. (b) Official documents help us understand what the people of the country think. (c) The British thought surveys were important for effective administration. Answer. (a) False (b) False (c) True 2. What is the problem with the periodisation of Indian history that James Mill offers? Answer. The problem with the periodisation of Indian History that James Mill offers is the superiority of the British shown over Hindus and Muslims. James Mill has divided Indian History into three periods – Hindu, Muslim and British, claiming that it was necessary to introduce European manners, arts, institutions and laws in India. James Mill’s views have several defects given below: a.  He thought that all Asian societies were at a lower level of civilisation when compared to Europe. b.  According to his telli...

1. How does democracy produce an accountable, responsive and legitimate government? Ans- Accountable   1. In a democracy, the Government is always held accountable. If any of the policies, and laws are not implemented properly, then the citizens have the right to vote them out in the next elections.  2. Moreover, in a democracy, citizens can approach the Judiciary, if the Government has taken any actions which are against the well-being of citizens. 3. People can hold protests, carry out campaigns and organise rallies and force the government to make policies for people's welfare. Responsive 1. Democracy gives responsible form of government which promotes the decisions in the favours of the public opinion.  2. The Government is responsible for taking care of what are the needs of the people and their expectations from the government.  3. These representatives look into the problems of the society and make policies and programmes that rid society those problems. ...

Q1. State the various functions political parties perform in a democracy. Ans- 1. Parties contest elections. In most democracies, elections are fought mainly among the candidates put up by political parties. . 2. Parties put forward different policies and programmes and the voters choose from them. 3. Parties play a decisive role in making laws for a country. 4. Parties form and run governments. Parties recruit leaders, train them and then make them ministers to run the government in the way they want. 5. Those parties that lose in the elections play the role of opposition.  They criticise government for its failures or wrong policies. 6. Parties shape public opinion. They raise and highlight issues. Parties sometimes also launch movements for the resolution of problems faced by people.  7. Parties provide people access to government machinery and welfare schemes implemented by governments. For an ordinary citizen it is easy to approach a local party leader than a government o...